**アフレコ** – Used in anime and games, it is short for **after-recording**, though it is usually termed as **dubbing session**, or simply **afureko/afureco**. Since a *seiyuu’*s primary tool is their voice, most of their work involves being inside a **studio booth** (ブース; *būsu* | スタジオブース; *sutajio būsu*) and doing recordings. While *afureko* is not exclusive to anime and games, the common usage of the term in this context makes it synonymous to them. Nowadays, other types of recordings — music, solo audio dramas, narrations, etc. — generally use *shūroku* instead (see [shūroku](https://whimsicaltranslations.wordpress.com/seiyuu-subculture-term-glossary/#recording)[link]).
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**アフレコ** – Used in anime and games, it is short for **after-recording**, though it is usually termed as **dubbing session**, or simply **afureko/afureco**. Since a *seiyuu’*s primary tool is their voice, most of their work involves being inside a **studio booth** (ブース; *būsu* | スタジオブース; *sutajio būsu*) and doing recordings. While *afureko* is not exclusive to anime and games, the common usage of the term in this context makes it synonymous to them. Nowadays, other types of recordings — music, solo audio dramas, narrations, etc. — generally use [*shūroku*](https://seiyuu.yakuaru.com/%E3%81%97%E3%82%85%E3%81%86%E3%82%8D%E3%81%8F%20(%E5%8F%8E%E9%8C%B2)) instead.
Process tend to differ for all sorts of reasons but for the sake of consistency, it usually goes like this:
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- A separate script called a dubbing **script** (台本; _daihon_) is prepared which contains the **lines** (台詞 or セリフ; *serifu* | see [wā-do kazu](https://whimsicaltranslations.wordpress.com/seiyuu-subculture-term-glossary/#wado)[link]) that the actor reads (as well as indicated ad-lib sections), usually marked by name or character on the cover since they can keep them for practice, write notes on, etc. Generally, translators use a compiled version of this script for official localizations and it includes edits marked in red once everything is wrapped up.
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- A separate script called a dubbing **script** (台本; _daihon_) is prepared which contains the **lines** (台詞 or セリフ; *serifu* | see [*wā-do kazu*](https://seiyuu.yakuaru.com/%E3%83%AF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89%E3%81%8B%E3%81%9A%20%28%E3%83%AF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89%E6%95%B0%29)) that the actor reads (as well as indicated ad-lib sections), usually marked by name or character on the cover since they can keep them for practice, write notes on, etc. Generally, translators use a compiled version of this script for official localizations and it includes edits marked in red once everything is wrapped up.
- When the recording takes place depends on the project. It could be several months to a few weeks before it airs since schedules need to line up and production has to be at a certain point to receive the files and do edits for animation, etc. Game recordings usually are done years (2 years according to one source) before its actual release.
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- On the day of recording, before actual recording takes place, the cast **meets and rehearses lines together as a run-through** or **do line/table reads** (読み合わせ; *yomiawase* | 顔合わせ; *kaoawase*) with guidance from other staff such as the director, script writer, and sound director. This is to ensure everyone is on the same page in framing and interpreting the script, build rapport between the actors, connect with their characters, relate impressions, and answer any questions the actors may have before they start recording.
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- Voices are recorded in a soundproof booth. Actors may record in separate batches or all together depending on role importance and cast size. Booths tend to have 3-4 mics and they may take turns sharing them (see [micwork](https://whimsicaltranslations.wordpress.com/seiyuu-subculture-term-glossary/#micwork)[link]) based on their height as adjusting them might create noise (among other sources such as page flips) that gets picked up. They may also be organized based on cast importance since important characters interact more with others. Lines are read alongside rough artwork or storyboards.
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- Voices are recorded in a soundproof booth. Actors may record in separate batches or all together depending on role importance and cast size. Booths tend to have 3-4 mics and they may take turns sharing them (see [micwork](https://seiyuu.yakuaru.com/%E3%83%9E%E3%82%A4%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AF%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF)) based on their height as adjusting them might create noise (among other sources such as page flips) that gets picked up. They may also be organized based on cast importance since important characters interact more with others. Lines are read alongside rough artwork or storyboards.
- Recording sessions typically take several hours. They may fit several episode recordings in one day. Actors may immediately leave one session for another once they’ve done their part. Movie and game dubs take several sessions over a period of days to finish. Since retakes are part of the process, an actor may have to stay overtime or come back at a later time. It can be because they may be inexperienced or are having trouble portraying the character or emotion needed from them.
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- For foreign dubs (see [atereko](https://whimsicaltranslations.wordpress.com/seiyuu-subculture-term-glossary/#atereko)[link] since it’s revoicing a completed work), the video of the original work will be played for the actors (who may wear headphones for audio) to follow along, which is different for anime dubbing that is normally done in a silent room with rough drafts or key frames displayed on a screen for timing reference. These typically take a shorter amount of time to finish — they may record as many as three drama episodes or one movie in one day.
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- For foreign dubs (see [atereko](https://seiyuu.yakuaru.com/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%86%E3%83%AC%E3%82%B3)) since it’s revoicing a completed work), the video of the original work will be played for the actors (who may wear headphones for audio) to follow along, which is different for anime dubbing that is normally done in a silent room with rough drafts or key frames displayed on a screen for timing reference. These typically take a shorter amount of time to finish — they may record as many as three drama episodes or one movie in one day.
- Minor roles or mob roles don’t usually join the same batch as the main cast. Sometimes they are on different schedules altogether. That doesn’t necessarily mean they can’t interact with them and the staff as some *seiyuu* have shared anecdotes of reconnecting with old friends, getting along with new friends, or simply spending time with staff. In some ways, these interactions function as networking that can open up new opportunities for everyone involved.
